Showing posts with label Industry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Industry. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 26, 2010

Why people quit jobs in IT industry?

Bangalore: With the worst behind and signs of demand for outsourcing and offshoring from the U.S. and European markets, which account for about 80 percent of Indian software exports, the IT industry is gearing up for a gradual recovery in the new year. But Indian IT industry still continues to face the problem of attrition, especially when companies are now offering strong pay packages to make up for the lost ground. What really drives employees to jump jobs? Is it only due to bad bosses or there are other reasons involved as well?

SiliconIndia surveyed people from the IT industry to find out top 10 reasons why people quit their job in IT industry. While we were sure that organization and management play a crucial part in the decision, there were many other reasons as well which may have become more relevant in recent times. "While most people including the managers are of the opinion that majority of people leave because they are unhappy with their compensation, nothing could be farther from the truth. There has been enough research done globally and across industry segments to prove that unhappiness with compensation is only one of the many reasons that people think about quitting," said Puneet Jetli, Senior Vice President and Head - People Function, MindTree.

1. Mismatch between the promised job and the situation on hand

Employees are often promised certain things on what exactly the jobs consist of but after joining the company they find out a completely different picture. It becomes painfully clear to the new hire that the company played a bait-and-switch game and now they are trapped in doing something that they don't want to.

2. Limited opportunity for personal growth and skills

"Every ambitious person is looking to further their career in the shortest possible span of time. Hence despite being in a high growth sector if there isn't ample opportunity for reasonably quick vertical or lateral growth; then it is usually time to move on," says Pradeep Thomas Abraham, Managing Director of Paytronic Networks limited. The most successful employers find ways to help employees develop new skills and responsibilities in their current positions.

3. Boss too much to handle

Prashant Hannovar, Manager of Human Resource of NextBiT Computing has had a fair deal of experience in dealing with different kinds of candidates. He says, "Employee leaves the organization because of a manager's leadership style or bad management style. Employee leave because of managers who puts the blame on the other employee, making others a scape goat, a Micro manager-who is known for having no trust/confidence in self and on the team."

4. Lack of recognition of the good work being put-in

Individual accomplishments should be considered by the company and should be pointed out in praise that will help to further increase productivity, make the employee feel appreciated, and create an example for other employees to follow, knowing that they will be rewarded. "Many employees who have quit and answered the exit interviews have revealed on not getting recognized despite of hard work/good Performance," says Hannovar.

5. Management freezes raises and promotions

Money is not always a very important category for people to quit, but it definitely ranks high. Many employees quit the Organization as they get better compensation/salaries with the competitors. Also with the salaries, many of the Techies (engineers) today are offered Onsite opportunity too. This is the normal phenomena in the IT Industry which nothing much can be worked out.

6. Poor work culture/work ethic

Another important factor that results in undesired attrition is the bad work culture. Bad work culture constitutes unhealthy political work environment where you can find lot of rumors/grape wines, partiality, favoritism, lack of trust, lack of good HR best practices like restrictions imposed on the employees on clothing, leaves and many more.

7. Inability to maintain/achieve a healthy work-life balance

In the light of the recent trend of laying off huge number of employees, many employees (who are not fired) feel the heat of too much work. Sometimes they find themselves doing the work of more than two people which often result into work taken home and extended office hours. Too much work often creates stress which can force the employee to quit.

8. Lack of Feedback Mechanisms

Lot of managers don't provide the proper feedback at regular intervals on the employee performance. Many employees look for feedback which helps them to grow in their career. Lack of feedback makes an employee or the team members frustrated, feel out of the team or lost, which leads to the rise in the attrition level in the organization.

9. Lack of decision-making power

A lot of managers simply do not know how to delegate effectively. This results in undue micro management by the immediate superior that shakes the faith and self confidence of the employee. A manager should empower employees and allow them the freedom to make suggestions and to take decisions.

10. No fun or enjoyment in job/ unchallenged

Two scenarios can fit into this. One is when employee becomes dull of the daily routine. Same job, with same skills and everything becomes dull, then it's time for employees to move on. The second scenario can be when employee don't feel challenged with the current job. Employees sometime need more responsibilities and work to challenge their skills or they leave in hunt of another job for fresh challenges.

There are many more reasons which may be valid from person to person but these are the top ten reasons which the IT industry must really look upon to improve on to reduce attrition. "The only way to work on retention is to pro-actively focus on establishing policies, practices, systems and culture that help reduce triggers on these counts," said Jetli.

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Friday, October 16, 2009

Hero Honda launches new Hunk, Splendor

New Delhi: Aiming to cash in on the ongoing festive season, the country's largest two-wheeler maker Hero Honda launched new versions of its two motorcycles -- Hunk and Splendor.

While the high-end refreshed Hunk will be available for Rs 56,675 (ex-showroom Delhi), the special edition of the flagship Splendor+ is priced at Rs 40,000 (ex-showroom, Delhi).

"Hero Honda has always believed in bringing added cheer to its customers during the festival season. Now with the introduction of the new Hunk and the special edition Splendor+ our customers are going to have an exciting festival season," Hero Honda Senior Vice President (Marketing and Sales) Anil Dua said in a statement.

The company has brought out the special edition of the 100cc Splendor+ to commemorate the bikes' cumulative sales figure of one crore, he added. The special edition of the volume-driven bike would have features such as all black engine and alloy wheels.

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This diwali is brighter for software majors

Bangalore: Software hubs in Bangalore are bustling with enhanced activities this Diwali – distinctly different from last year's subdued celebration after a series of bank collapses starting with Lehman Brothers in the US.

The mood among most firms is upbeat, "much better, with the worst behind us", they said. For the HR Head of IT bellwether Infosys, Mohandas Pai "the mood is very positive. We have had a good quarter. We promised a salary hike to our employees from October 1 and that is already on the roll," he said.

Backed by an improved economic climate and slow easing of pricing pressure, India' second largest software exporter posted a net profit of Rs 1,540 crore for the second quarter, registering a growth of 7.5 per cent.

For Wipro Technologies, positive vibrations of the festival are manifesting itself in the market place. "The positive vibes of the festive season have been reflected in the market sentiments and the workforce in general," Wipro Technologies CFO Manish Dugar said.

Last year, a series of bank failures in the US starting with Lehman Brothers and the resultant global economic downturn had had a profound impact on banking, financial services and insurance companies, which form a major part of clientele for IT firms.

In sync with Pai, Dugar describes the mood as "definitely upbeat and this festival season has been more positive compared to last year's Diwali."

Pai, who wishes to put behind the "worst period", says "this time last year, we were apprehensive about the market place, there was an air of uncertainty, which is not there now".

According to Dugar "in comparison between the situation last year and this year, we have seen an increase in the deal pipeline and the decision making at the customer's end has been quicker and the worst is behind us".

For Mohan Sitharam, Director People Function, MindTree Ltd, "the mood last time was low-key. People were apprehensive about what to expect next".

"However, we as a company, whether things were good or bad, have never taken a decision that has impacted our employees," he said.

"Now, of course", says Sitharam, "the ambiguity is behind us, the mood is much better and things are looking up".

The firms, however, are not planning any Diwali bashes for their employees as the feel "the festival is not a corporate but an individual affair".

As a global company, Dugar says, "the employees do celebrate festivals in their respective regions with family and friends like they do on Diwali".

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Profits of Google Q3 jumps from 27 pct to $1.64 bn

New York: Internet search engine giant Google has reported a 27 per cent growth in net income at USD 1.64 billion for the third quarter on the back of higher advertising revenues.

The company had a net income of USD 1.29 billion in July-September last year, Google said in a statement. Google registered revenues of USD 5.94 billion for the quarter under review, an increase of 7 per cent over that in the third quarter of 2008.

"Google had a strong quarter -- we saw seven per cent year-over-year revenue growth despite the tough economic conditions. While there is a lot of uncertainty about the pace of economic recovery, we believe the worst of the recession is behind us and now feel confident about investing heavily in our future," Google CEO Eric Schmidt said.

Google-owned sites contributed 67 per cent to the total revenues, generating USD 3.96 billion in the third quarter against USD 3.67 billion in the same period last fiscal.

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Thursday, October 15, 2009

Microsoft Corporate Structure

Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKEX: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. Headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA, its most profitable products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software.

The company was founded to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Windows line of operating systems. Its products have all achieved near-ubiquity in the desktop computer market. One commentator notes that Microsoft's original mission was "a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software." Microsoft possesses footholds in other markets, with assets such as the MSNBC cable television network, the MSN Internet portal, and the Microsoft Encarta multimedia encyclopedia. The company also markets both computer hardware products such as the Microsoft mouse as well as home entertainment products such as the Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune and MSN TV. The company's initial public stock offering (IPO) was in 1986; the ensuing rise of the company's stock price has made four billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees.

Throughout its history the company has been the target of criticism, including monopolistic business practices and anti-competitive strategies including refusal to deal and tying. The U.S. Justice Department and the European Commission, among others, have ruled against Microsoft for various antitrust violations accordingly in today's political-cultural climate of mixed economies and "public interest of society".

Corporate Structure

The company is run by a Board of Directors consisting of ten people, made up of mostly company outsiders (as is customary for publicly traded companies). Current members of the board of directors are: Steve Ballmer, James Cash, Jr., Dina Dublon, Bill Gates, Raymond Gilmartin, Reed Hastings, David Marquardt, Charles Noski, Helmut Panke, and Jon Shirley. The ten board members are elected every year at the annual shareholders' meeting, and those who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation. There are five committees within the board which oversee more specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues with the company including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial matters such as proposing mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters including nomination of the board; and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws.

There are several other aspects to the corporate structure of Microsoft. For worldwide matters there is the Executive Team, made up of sixteen company officers across the globe, which is charged with various duties including making sure employees understand Microsoft's culture of business. The sixteen officers of the Executive Team include the Chairman and Chief Software Architect, the CEO, the General Counsel and Secretary, the CFO, senior and group vice presidents from the business units, the CEO of the Europe, the Middle East and Africa regions; and the heads of Worldwide Sales, Marketing and Services; Human Resources; and Corporate Marketing. In addition to the Executive Team there is also the Corporate Staff Council, which handles all major staff functions of the company, including approving corporate policies. The Corporate Staff Council is made up of employees from the Law and Corporate Affairs, Finance, Human Resources, Corporate Marketing, and Advanced Strategy and Policy groups at Microsoft. Other Executive Officers include the Presidents and Vice Presidents of the various product divisions, leaders of the marketing section, and the CTO, among others.

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Tuesday, October 13, 2009

TCS to increase its strength in china

New Delhi: TCS plans to increase its workforce in China by four times over the next five years. The software export major plans to increase its China staff to 5,000 by 2014 from 1,100 currently, said a senior official from the company.

According to a report by the Wall Street Journal, Chinese companies are now more open to outsourcing and many of them will be looking for support in information technology outsourcing services as they globalise. TCS reportedly entered the Chinese market in 2002.

Also, TCS holds about 66 percent stake in a joint venture company named TCS China, which it formed with three Chinese companies in 2006. TCS has four global delivery centers in China, including Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai and Tianjin. The company's sales office is located at Shenzhen. The company's clients in China include several of the country's big names in the financial world, like Bank of China, Ping An Insurance (Group), Huaxia Bank and China Foreign Exchange Trade System, a unit of People's Bank of China. TCS's multinational clients in the country included Motorola and Johnson Controls.

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Infosys to place Americans rather than Indians

Bangalore: To overcome the visa problems and strengthen their businesses, Infosys Technologies is likely to hire more number of local talents in the U.S. The company has already recruited 72 Americans and 140 more offers are under way.

Nandita Gurjar, Senior Vice President and Group Head of Human Resources at Infosys told Financial Chronicle that under a hiring plan started in April, 1,000 Americans will be taken on board. This lateral hiring will be typically for people with four to five years of experience and domain knowledge of different technologies. They are intended to replace Indian staff on deputation to the U.S.

The hiring of more Americans is part of the company's strategy to have more non-Indians, who now account for 4.67 percent of the employee strength. The company wants to take the figure to 15 percent by 2012. According to the company's Director, T V Mohandas Pai, Infosys has not planned to fill senior management positions in the U.S. now, except a couple in sales. Asked if an American could be hired to head its North American operations, he said that the company believed in having the 'most capable person heading the best positions'.

Infosys has about 17,000 people working outside India. Of this, over 10,000 are in North America (most of them in the U.S.), including 4,900 non-Indians. 1,000 Indian staffs are stationed in the U.S.; the rest are in Europe, China and Australia. The total headcount at Infosys is 1,05,000.

Infosys is also recruiting in small numbers in Brazil (about 250 people initially), China, Germany, Mexico and the Philippines. It is generally believed that local hiring costs Indian companies more. However, Gurjar said, "This is no longer true. The U.S. minimum wages law requires companies to pay a certain amount to employees, even to staff on deputation sent there on visa. There is not much difference in salaries paid to those on deputation and locals. So we would rather recruit locals who have more experience and domain expertise. This leads to greater productivity."

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Monday, October 12, 2009

Andhra Pradesh Government won the bid for oil and gas blocks under Nelp-8

Hyderabad: The Andhra Pradesh government had participated in the country’s largest auction of oil and gas blocks through the eighth round of the New Exploration Licensing Policy (Nelp) and won the bid on KG (kilogram) basis, two senior state officials said. This would make Andhra the second state in India after Gujarat to bid for oil and gas blocks through Nelp.

News Before Nelp Bidding
“The chief minister Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy has asked two of the government corporations, AP Industrial Infrastructure Corp. Ltd (APIIC) and AP State Power Generation Corp. Ltd (AP Genco), to form a joint venture,” said an official at the chief minister’s office, or CMO.

The state government has instructed the two corporations to “appoint a leading domestic or international consultant to prepare a detailed roadmap before participating in the Nelp bids,” said a top APIIC official. Both the officials didn’t want to be named.

“The proposed joint venture...would rope in a strategic partner with technical expertise in oil and gas exploration, which could be either one of the state-owned oil companies or a leading foreign oil firm,” the APIIC official said.

AP Genco, India’s third-largest state-owned power producer, has planned to nearly treble its capacity to 22,488MW by 2012, investing Rs63,000 crore, but is finding it difficult to secure fuel supplies to some 2,100MW of gas-based power project proposed at Karimnagar in the Telangana region.

India is set to auction 70 exploration blocks under the eighth round of Nelp, including 24 deepwater and 28 shallow water blocks, hoping to attract investments worth $3 billion (Rs14,457 crore). The auction will start on 8 August and end in mid-October, revised from the earlier 9 April to 10 August schedule.

“The extension of date for the eighth round of Nelp bids has come in our favour. The state government will ensure incorporation of a joint venture company by next month,” the CMO executive said.

Oil exploration and production in India has received a major impetus through Nelp, which was first implemented in 1999. Over the past decade and through seven rounds of auctions under Nelp, exploration in India has increased to 50% of the country’s sedimentary basin from a mere 11%.

India expects to increase the area under exploration to 80% of its total sedimentary basin, petroleum secretary R.S. Pandey said in April while launching the eighth round of Nelp. “The AP government will have to take a conscious decision on risking the public money, given the risks involved in the oil and gas exploration sector,” said Kameswara Rao, executive director, energy, utilities and mining, at consultancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers. “However, with the eighth round of Nelp bids involving shallow water blocks as well, which involve modest investments, it would be contiguous for the state government and attractive given the rising global oil prices.”

The CMO executive said the plan to enter oil and gas exploration was taken after a long debate. “The government is ready to risk an amount of as high as Rs1,000 crore over the next 4-5 years given the anticipated reward of some Rs30,000-50,000 crore if successful in finding oil and gas reserves.”

Director general of hydrocarbons, V.K. Sibal, is slated to make a presentation to the Andhra chief minister and some senior government officials on 11 August at Hyderabad on opportunities that the hydrocarbons sector provides, he added. AP Genco has a power generation capacity of 7,588MW, behind National Thermal Power Corp. Ltd (NTPC)’s 30,144MW and Maharashtra State Power Generation Corp. Ltd’s (Mahagenco) 9,996MW. The firm reported revenue of Rs6,200 crore and net profit of Rs258 crore in 2008-09 and expects to generate internal accruals of some Rs2,000 crore over the next five years.

APIIC, which owns stakes in several infrastructure projects, earned some Rs3,500 crore in 2007-08 and Rs1,260 crore in 2008-09 through allocation and auction of land for industrial and infrastructure operations.

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Thursday, October 8, 2009

Dell to shut U.S. plant, lay off 905

Texas: Dell has announced that it will close desktop manufacturing plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina by the end of January 2010, which will lay off 905 employees. The company said that 600 will be laid off by next month.

Dell was promised more than $300 million in state and local incentives to open the plant. But in order to get these incentives it required to invest $100 million, create 1,700 jobs by September 2010 and maintain those jobs for 10 more years or forfeit the package.

Dell said it would comply with the terms of the incentive agreement. The closure of this plant is part of a plan to save $4 billion a year by 2011. In January this year, Dell had said that the company would move its Ireland manufacturing operations to Poland, a process that is still ongoing. Dell also sold its Lebanon, Tennessee, remanufacturing plant to Genco in June this year.

Dell has plants in the Miami, Nashville, Austin and Texas in the U.S. Outside America its has plants in Brazil, Ireland, Poland, China, Malaysia and India. It also partners with other manufacturers to make certain products.

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Tuesday, October 6, 2009

India way behind in constant innovation: Narayana Murthy

Mumbai: Indian companies are doing well globally but they need to be innovative as they face challenge of creating global brand, according to N R Narayana Murthy, Co-founder and Chief Mentor, Infosys. "I have seen a new sense of confidence in India. Our companies have done pretty well. They have gone and acquired several companies in Europe, in Asia and in the U.S. But we do have a challenge and that is we have to create global brands," he said.

Murthy was speaking on the occasion of a meet organized by Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay and Australia's Monash University to discuss future challenges and finding solutions through research in engineering, science and technology. He said innovation and marketing were two very important functions in any enterprise, without which it was very unlikely that a corporation would have a great future. That is why there is a need of a global brand. "Creation of such global brands requires innovation. I think it is our responsibility in the industry to create a great future for ourselves on a global scale in the global bazaar by creating global brands, products and services," he added.

Murthy said India's GDP growth rate was pretty impressive and Indian exports were "pretty decent even though in the last year or so it has come down".

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Saturday, September 19, 2009

Oracle sales down as businesses tighten belts

San Francisco: Business software maker Oracle reported a 5 percent decline in quarterly revenue Wednesday as businesses held off on buying new software.

The Silicon Valley company said its sales dropped to $5.1 billion, but the company managed to increase profits by 8 percent to $1.1 billion, compared to $1.07 billion in the year-ago quarter.

The company said that sales of new software sank 17 percent to $1 billion, but were offset by a rise in software updates and product-support revenues of 6 percent to $3.1 billion.

Oracle President Safra Catz said the company was able to increase profit despite weak sales by "substantially" improving its operating margins.

"Our operating model continues to drive earnings for our stockholders," she said in a statement.

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Friday, September 4, 2009

TCS to hire 25,000 in 2009 (Acquiring 90% in India)

Bangalore: In a move that could bring a smile to many faces, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has announced that it will hire 25,000 people globally in 2009, with 90 percent of them in India alone. Though the number is bigger when compared to the hiring these days, it is less than last year when TCS appointed around 35,000 people.

With this recruitment drive, TCS also plans to expand its presence into the tier-II cities in India. "We will be hiring 25,000 people this year, which means roughly 25 lakh square feet of work space required and, therefore, we need to grow outside the metros. Tier-II cities are our only focus for expansion in the country as the top rung are clogged and saturated," said Tanmoy Chakrabarty, Vice-President and Head of Government Industry Solutions unit at TCS.

Following this hiring spree, the total global manpower of TCS would go up to more than 1.8 lakh. This will put the IT services provider among large private Indian employers like Tata Steel, which has the total employee strength of two lakh. Going forward, the company, which has an estimated 32 percent market share, plans to cash in on the Indian government's plan to invest Rs. 40,000 crore on IT services.

Currently, 70 percent of the IT segment's revenue is from India, while the rest comes from the U.S., Latin America, Africa and South East Asian countries. However, the revenue contribution from Indian government businesses to the total company revenue of $6 billion is less than five percent, which the company intends to increase to more than 10 percent in the next three years.

TCS Official Website: http://www.tcs.com

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Wednesday, August 5, 2009

Cisco Systems

Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO, SEHK: 4333) is a multinational corporation with more than 66,000 employees and annual revenue of US$39 billion as of 2008. Headquartered in San Jose, California, it designs and sells networking and communications technology services.

Cisco's stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009. It replaced General Motors which had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, a married couple who worked as computer staff at Stanford University, later joined by Richard Troiano, founded Cisco Systems in 1984. Lerner moved on to direct computer services at Schlumberger, moving full time to Cisco in 1987. The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name, San Francisco, which is why the company's engineers insisted on using the lower case 'cisco' in the early days. For Cisco's first product, Bosack adapted multiple-protocol router software originally written some years before by William Yeager, another Stanford employee who later joined Sun Microsystems.

While Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell a router, it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols. As the Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted, the importance of multi-protocol routing declined. Today, Cisco's largest routers are primarily used to deliver IP packets and MPLS frames.

In 1990, the company was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Lerner was fired; as a result Bosack quit after receiving $200 million. Most of those profits were given to charities and the two later divorced.

Cisco acquired a variety of companies to bring in products and talent into the company. Several acquisitions, such as Stratacom, were the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred. During the Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corp., a start-up company located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion. It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to date, and only the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta has been larger. Although not every acquisition is successful, Cisco has succeeded more frequently than its competitors in integrating and growing the revenue of its acquisitions. Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise VOIP, and home networking.

In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com boom, Cisco was the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than US$500 billion. In July 2009, with a market cap of about US$108.03 billion, it is still one of the most valuable companies. CSCO was voted stock of the decade on NASDAQ. The company's 7500 Series router was voted 3rd in the product of the decade 1990-2000 behind the Mosaic web browser and the Novell LAN manager.

Cisco has made inroads into many network equipment markets outside routing, including Ethernet switching, remote access, branch office routers, ATM networking, security, IP telephony, and others. In 2003, Cisco acquired Linksys, a popular manufacturer of computer networking hardware and positioned it as a leading brand for the home and end user networking market (SOHO).

The company's first two CEOs are John Morgridge and John Chambers (active). The Corporate Headquarters is on East Tasman Drive in San Jose, California, between Zanker Road and Cisco Way.

The company was a 2002-03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award.

Cisco's vision is "Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play and Learn." Cisco's current tagline is "Welcome to the human network."

Cisco became a major provider of Voice over IP to enterprises, and is now moving into the home user market through its acquisitions of Scientific Atlanta and Linksys. Scientific Atlanta provides VoIP equipment to cable service providers such as Time Warner, Cablevision, Rogers Communications, UPC, and others; Linksys has partnered with companies such as Skype and Yahoo to integrate consumer VoIP services with wireless and cordless phones.

Cisco Career Certifications

Cisco Career Certifications are IT professional certifications for Cisco products. The tests are administered by Pearson VUE. There are five levels of certification: Entry, Associate, Professional, Expert, and Specialist.

The CCNA validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot enterprise level router and switched networks. This includes design implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN. New CCNA training includes basic mitigation of security threats, introduction to wireless networking and Voice.

Expert-level certifications

The expert-level certification is the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). It is the highest level of professional certification that Cisco provides. There are five active CCIE tracks, as shown below. As of June 26, 2009 there are 20,003 people with active CCIE certifications in the world..

Cisco began its CCIE program in 1993 originally with a two day lab, later changing it to the one day format used today. Fewer than 3% of Cisco certified individuals attain CCIE certification, and on average will spend thousands of dollars and 18 months studying before passing. Many candidates build mock-labs at home using old Cisco equipment, selling it again to other candidates after passing. Alternatively candidates may rent "rack time" online and practice lab scenarios on Cisco equipment hosted on the Internet for that purpose.

Cisco refers to the CCIE as the "most respected IT certification", and from 2002 to 2005 it was voted as such in CertCities magazine. It has also been voted the most technically advanced IT certification by CertMag, and is generally reported as the highest salaried certification in IT salary surveys.

The CCIE is comprised of a written exam and a "lab" exam (each in the specific area of the chosen track). The written exam is required to take the lab exam, and has a cost of $350 USD per attempt. Upon passing the written exam, the candidate has eighteen months to take the lab exam. If the first attempt is unsuccessful the candidate has three years from the date the written exam was passed to successfully complete the lab. If a candidate does not pass the CCIE lab in that time, they must pass the CCIE written exam again before making additional attempts at the CCIE lab exam. As many attempts can be made to pass the lab exam for up to three years after passing the written, so long as the first attempt is within 18 months. There is a minimum waiting time between attempts of one month.

The CCIE Lab is currently $1,400 USD per attempt and are offered only at ten Cisco lab exam locations worldwide. The locations are Bangalore; Beijing; Brussels; Dubai; Hong Kong; Research Triangle Park, NC; San Jose, CA; São Paulo; Sydney; and Tokyo. Some CCIE tracks do not have lab exams available at all locations. For example, the Storage Networking lab is available only at the Research Triangle Park, NC and Brussels locations. In addition, according to a survey by Cisco the average cost to prepare for CCIE certification is $9,050 as of April 2006, spent mostly on practice equipment and self study material. This is partially offset by the increased salary the certification commands, which a March 2007 Network World article estimates at 10% - 15% over similarly experienced engineers who do not have a CCIE.

The lab is an eight hour hands-on exam designed to demonstrate that the candidate not only knows the theory, but is also able to practice it. Many prospective CCIEs need multiple attempts to pass the lab exam.

There are no formal prerequisites for the CCIE exam, but Cisco recommends one has at least 3–5 years experience in networking before attempting to become a CCIE. CCIE was the first Cisco Certified qualification, and as such there were no other certifications that could be taken prior. The development of the associate and professional certifications was due to recognition of the fact that a CCIE is overkill for many networking personnel, and also for the vast majority of businesses who employ such people, and that certifications needed to be offered at lower levels. Despite the development of the lower certifications, Cisco has chosen not to make them formal requirements for the CCIE certification.

It is possible to hold multiple CCIE certifications. This is done by passing both the written and the lab exam in a particular track. As of September 9, 2008, there are 1,729 individuals who hold multiple CCIE certifications. Of those, 274 hold three or more CCIE certifications.

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Sunday, July 19, 2009

Maserati

Maserati, one of the well known Italian racing car manufacturing company,set up on 1914.Four brothers Alfieri, Bindo, Carlo, Ettore, Ernesto and Mario, are the founders of Maserati.Today, Maserati is owned directly by the Italian car giant Fiat, after having been a part of Ferrari for some years.

The logo of maserati is quite interesting trident. Like Alfa, the Maserati badge is mere municipal pride - the trident is the traditional symbol of Bologna, where the cars were originally made.

Flash Back

Alfieri, Bindo and Ernesto built 2-litre Grand Prix cars for Diatto. In 1926, Diatto suspended the production of race cars, leading to the creation of the first Maserati and the founding of the Maserati marque. Maserati began making race cars with 4, 6, 8 and 16 cylinders.Alfieri Maserati died in 1932 but three other brothers, kept the firm well,.

Company -draw backs and success

Racing successes continued, even against Auto Union and Mercedes . In 1939, a Maserati 8CTF won the Indianapolis 500, a feat repeated the following year.
The war then intervened, Maserati abandoning cars to produce components for the Italian war effort. During this time, Maserati worked in fierce competition to construct a V16 towncar for Benito Mussolini before Ferry Porsche of Volkswagen built one for Adolf Hitler. This failed, and the plans were scrapped. Once peace was restored, Maserati returned to making cars; the Maserati A6 series did well in the post-war racing scene.Alberto Massimino, an old Fiat engineer, with both Alfa Romeo and Ferrari experiences oversaw the design of all racing models for the next ten years.

Well known Argentinian driver Manuel Fangio raced for Maserati for a number of years in the 1950s, producing a number of stunning victories including winning the world championship in 1957.
But,on the way in 1957,Maserati had retired from racing participation due to the Guidizzolo accident, though they continued to build cars for privateers. After 1957, Maserati became more and more focussed on road cars.

Ownership on balance:

In 1968, firm was taken over by the French car manufacturer, Citroën.
New models were launched, and built in much greater numbers than before. Citroën borrowed Maserati expertise and engines for the Citroën SM and other vehicles, and Maseratis also incorporated Citroën technology, particularly in hydraulics

In 1975 the company was taken over by Alessandro de Tomaso,
Company largely abandoning the mid-engined sports car in favour of squarely styled, front-engined, rear-drive coupes, cheaper than before but with aggressive performance, like the Maserati Biturbo.

In 1993, saw the company acquired by Fiat.
The fiat had a new milestone of Maserati's history when the company launched the 3200 GT .This two-door coupé is powered by a 3.2 L twin-turbocharged V8 which produces 370 hp (276 kW); the car does 0–60 mph in less than 5 seconds. Its top speed is 285 km/h (177 mph).

In 1997 Ferrari had taken the thrown.

In July 1997,[6] Fiat sold a 50% share in the company to Maserati's long-time arch-rival Ferrari (though this was, and is, itself controlled by Fiat).

In 2005 ,
As a consequence of the termination of the agreement between Fiat and General Motors under which GM may have been obliged to buy Fiat's car division, Maserati was separated from Ferrari and brought back under Fiat's full control. Fiat plans to create a sports and luxury division from Maserati and another of its marques, Alfa Romeo. Maserati sold 2,006 cars in the United States in 2005, 2,108 in 2006, and 2,540 in 2007. In the second quarter of 2007 Maserati made profit for the first time in the 17 years under Fiat Group ownership


Official website : http://www.maserati.com/
Head Office : The company's headquarters are now in Modena

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