"The numbers are surprising, considering the state of the economy," says Ron Hira, Associate Professor of Public Policy at Rochester Institute of Technology. "With 15.4 million people unemployed in the U.S., employers should be able to find qualified workers here." The H-1B program allows employers to sponsor skilled workers from overseas for up to three years, with the possibility of extending for additional years.
In past years outsourcing companies, including those in India, have received a substantial chunk of the visas. That led opponents to charge that the program was being used to send American jobs abroad, since many H-1B employees train at client sites in the U.S. and then rotate back to their home countries to handle similar tasks. But the number of visas received by many non-U.S. outsourcers is declining. Of the top 200 recipients of H-1B visas in fiscal 2009, ended in September, offshore outsourcers got about 22 percent, or 5,663, down from 38 percent in fiscal 2008.
Non U.S. outsourcers still claimed six of the top 10 places in fiscal 2009, although the numbers were off for the largest operators. India's Infosys Technologies topped the list in fiscal 2008, with 4,559 visas, but last year got only 440. Wipro was the largest visa recipient in 2009, with 1,964, down from 2,678 in 2008. Sridhar Ramasubbu, Wipro's Chief Financial Officer for International Operations, says that the drop is the result of lower demand caused by the recession and changes in the company's workforce. "We're now operating in 58 countries," he says.
U.S. companies have become more active in the program. Of the top 200 recipients in 2009, American businesses accounted for 49 percent of the visas, up from 43 percent in 2008. Microsoft was No. 2 on the list with 1,318 approvals, while Intel ranked No. 3 with 723.
On Nov. 19, Senators Bernie Sanders and Charles Grassley introduced a bill to bar major companies that lay off U.S. workers from hiring foreign labor through H-1B and other programs. The legislation, which faces significant hurdles, would apply to companies that have cut 50 or more employees within the past year. "We have a responsibility to ensure that companies do not use the temporary guest-worker program to replace American workers with cheaper labor from overseas," says Sanders.
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